What Components Make Up a PV Power System?

A PV power generation system consists of a PV array (formed by connecting PV modules in series and parallel), a controller, battery banks, and DC/AC inverters. The core component of a PV power generation system is the PV module, which itself is formed by encapsulating PV cells connected in series and parallel; it directly converts solar light energy into electrical energy. The electricity generated by PV modules is direct current (DC), which can be used directly in DC form, or converted into alternating current (AC) by an inverter for use. From another perspective, the electricity generated by a PV system can be used as it is generated, or stored in energy storage devices such as batteries and released whenever needed. The system composition is shown in the figure below:

Schematic diagram of a solar cell power generation system